The Volcanoes of Tāmaki Makaurau — LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AOTEAROA

As a landscape architect deeply involved in Auckland's urban landscape, I consider myself incredibly fortunate to work closely with the Auckland Maunga, the volcanic cones that grace our city.

These natural features hold a special place in my heart, as they embody both cultural and geological significance, contributing to the uniqueness of Tāmaki's urban landscape.

Throughout the years, landscape architects have played a pivotal role in preserving and enhancing these iconic landmarks, starting from the introduction of the Volcanic Viewshafts in the 1980s to ongoing management plans for the maunga.

In 2019, I acquired a copy of 'Volcanoes of Auckland: a Field Guide' by Bruce Hayward[1]. As I delved into the pages of this remarkable book during the Auckland Covid lockdown, I became captivated by its astonishing exploration of the 53 volcanoes hidden beneath and around the bustling cityscape. Inspired, I embarked on a personal mission to visit each site, a journey I recently completed.

Along the way, I documented my adventures through photographs, capturing the beauty and essence of each maunga. However, my observations weren't limited to marveling at their magnificence. I also encountered a profound sense of dismay as I became acutely aware of the various forms of desecration that these natural wonders had endured over time.

Roads had been carved into the sides of the volcanoes, houses had been constructed, encroaching upon their flanks, water reservoirs had been sunk into their once-intact craters and farming infrastructure and grazing livestock had been introduced, transforming the landscape.

Furthermore, many of the maunga were quarried for their scoria and bluestone rock resources with some entirely quarried away (Te Apunga-o-Tainui) and others left, like Maungarei, with scarred quarry faces.

Hayward's field guide not only offers a comprehensive account of the geological history, formation, and distinctive characteristics of each volcano but also succeeds in bridging the gap between scientific knowledge and accessible language.

The inclusion of vivid illustrations, detailed maps, and breathtaking photographs (courtesy of Alastair Jamieson) enhances the value of the book, allowing readers to immerse themselves in the wealth of information it provides. As I delved deeper into the guide, my understanding of the cultural significance and ecological diversity within the volcanic fields grew. I discovered a rich tapestry of Māori legends, historical narratives, and a profound connection between the local communities and the Auckland landscape.

From top right clockwise: Maungarei, Maungauika, Rangitoto, Maungakiekie. - Julia Wick

While acknowledging the need for updates to the 1980s work, particularly considering Auckland's evolving urban form and the ongoing debate surrounding development versus the preservation of these views (I refer here to the much contested billion-dollar viewshaft (E10) to Maungawhau[2]), I firmly believe in the paramount importance of preserving and enhancing the visual and cultural aspects of our urban landscape.

The introduction of the Natural and Built Environment Bill (NBEB) signifies an ongoing commitment to safeguard areas of exceptional natural character, outstanding natural landscapes, and outstanding natural features. This legislation has introduced the term "Places of National Importance" (PONI's) to emphasize the significance of these areas. However, the recent select committee report has raised concerns in the Landscape community by proposing a change in the criteria for identifying these landscapes from being "outstanding" to "exceptional on a national scale."

This change implies a departure from the established best practices and Case Law, as these landscapes would no longer be evaluated and mapped at a district or regional level. This alteration raises apprehension that requiring an assessment at a national scale may not guarantee the adequate recognition and protection of our exceptional and outstanding areas.

From top right clockwise: Lake Pupuke, Takarunga, Otuataua Stonefields, Puketutu’ - Julia Wick

Fortunately, the Auckland maunga have already been recognized as Outstanding Natural Features in the Auckland Unitary Plan.

Additionally, the GeoPreservation society has acknowledged their national importance due to their scientific, aesthetic, and educational values. It is hoped that this recognition and assessment will be taken into consideration in the implementation of the NBEB. The discussion around the importance of their visual amenity and viewshafts is still ongoing and subject to debate. However, given their apparent cultural values and profound importance to the Auckland landscape in terms of shaping our identities as individuals and communities, it is crucial to foster an enduring relationship which will remain reflected between our city and these remarkable maunga.

Amidst the ongoing challenges and continuous monitoring of developments in the landscape industry, I feel compelled to shift the focus momentarily towards the commencement of this discussion.

I wholeheartedly endorse the book 'Volcanoes of Auckland, a Field Guide.' This publication goes beyond being a simple book; it serves as an open invitation to embark on an extraordinary adventure in the heart of Tāmaki.

I encourage everyone to immerse themselves in its pages, but more importantly, to venture outside and personally experience the magnificence of the Tāmaki maunga firsthand. There is no better way to truly grasp the essence and spirit of Tāmaki Makaurau than by forging a connection with these awe-inspiring natural wonders.

Author: Julia Wick

Principal Landscape Architect | Landscape Planner | Boffa Miskell

[1] Bruce W Hayward (2019), Volcanoes of Auckland, a Field Guide

[2] https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2018/10/16/viewshaft-e10-a-billion-dollar-view-on-auckland/